La escucha psicoanalítica y los recursos psicodramáticos en un grupo de hombres que experimentaron violencia infantil en Costa Rica / The Psychoanalytic Listening and the Psychodramatic Techniques in a Group of Men Who Experienced Childhood Violence in Costa Rica

Resumen Objetivo. Sistematizar los aportes de la escucha analítica con elementos psicodramáticos y corporales en un grupo de hombres que experimentaron violencia durante su infancia. Método. Sistematización y análisis por categorías temáticas, a partir de observación participante, registros escritos y de audio, del discurso verbal y corporal de 9 hombres en un grupo de terapia psicoanalítica con técnicas psicodramáticas. Resultados. Se concluye que la violencia promueve una relación de maltrato con el propio sujeto y la experiencia de dolor es inscrita en el cuerpo como posibilidad de expresión. El abordaje grupal facilitó la reelaboración del sufrimiento psíquico mediante el uso del cuerpo para reconocer y verbalizar emociones de la escena traumática en un encuentro de subjetividades.

Abstract Objective. Systematize the contributions of the psychoanalytic clinic with psychodramatic and body techniques in a group of men who experienced violence in their childhood. Method. Systematization and analysis by theme categories, based on participant observation, written and audio recording, from the verbal and body speech of nine men in psychoanalytic group therapy by using psychodramatic techniques. Results. In conclusion, violence promotes an abusive relationship with the person himself, and the experience of pain is inscribed in the body as a possibility of expression. The group approach facilitated the reworking of psychic suffering through the body to recognize and verbalize emotions from the traumatic scene in an encounter of subjectivities.

Relatos sobre COVID-19 de profesionales de la salud en un hospital / Stories about covid-19 from health professionals in a hospital

Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 impone a los profesionales de la salud: altas exigencias y modificaciones en el modo de vincularse con pacientes, pares y familiares. Estos cambios implican consecuencias emocionales tales como el incremento del nivel de estrés y síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión. Objetivo: describir un proyecto interdisciplinario creado bajo el modelo de la Medicina Narrativa dirigido a habilitar el relato de la experiencia de profesionales de la salud pertenecientes a un hospital general privado de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Buenos Aires durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: se creó una lista de correo y se convocó a profesionales del hospital a realizar una producción escrita, oral o gráfica que represente su experiencia durante la pandemia. Luego, el material recibido se envió a la misma lista de distribución con frecuencia semanal. En cada correo se renovó la invitación a narrar lo vivido o comentar los relatos de otros. Resultados: en el transcurso de siete semanas se recibieron diez producciones individuales: ocho textos, un audio y un gráfico. Los principales temas tratados pudieron agruparse en tres ejes: sala COVID, comunidad y telemedicina. Los autores fueron profesionales de Medicina, Enfermería, Psicología y de Puericultura. Conclusión: desarrollamos un proyecto bajo el modelo de la Medicina Narrativa que permitió a profesionales narrar su experiencia durante la pandemia de COVID-19, habilitando la posibilidad de poner en palabras lo vivido, reflexionar sobre modelos de actuación y elaborar el desgaste emocional generado por el contacto permanente con el dolor y el sufrimiento. (AU)

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic imposes high demands on health professionals and changes in the way they relate to patients, peers and family members. These changes involve emotional consequences such as increased stress levels, symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objective: to describe an interdisciplinary project created under the Narrative Medicine model aimed at enabling the reporting of the experience of health professionals belonging to a highly complex private general hospital in the city of Buenos Aires during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: a mailing list was created and hospital professionals were invited to make a written, oral or graphic production that represents their experience during the pandemic. Then, the received material was sent to the same distribution list on a weekly basis. In each email, the invitation to narrate what was experienced or to comment on the stories of others was renewed. Results: over the course of seven weeks, ten individual productions were received: eight texts, one audio and one graphic. The main topics discussed could be grouped into three axes: COVID room, community and telemedicine. The authors were professionals from Medicine, Nursing, Psychology and Childcare. Conclusion: we developed a project under the Narrative Medicine model that allowed professionals to tell their experience during the covid 19 pandemic, enabling the possibility of putting into words what was experienced, reflecting on models of action and elaborating on the emotional exhaustion generated by permanent contact with pain and suffering. (AU)

ADHD and Gender: subjective experiences of children in Chile / TDA-H y género: experiencias subjetivas de niños y niñas en Chile

Abstract Although research on ADHD has tended to ignore gender differentials, recent contributions produced mainly from epidemiology have revealed that this diagnostic category seems to be strongly related to gender. However, these contributions seem to limit their scope to the study of the symptoms as well as cognitive, affective and social functioning of children, leaving aside subjective aspects associated with the ADHD practices of diagnosis and treatment. Thus, this article aims to explore how the gender dimension crosses the subjective experience of children diagnosed with ADHD. Based on open interviews conducted with children between the ages of 7 and 13, we show general trends that articulate gender and characteristics associated with the ADHD diagnosis, while at the same time, with children's experiences that dislocate such trends. The findings were grouped according to four emerging axes: (1) locations, (2) abilities, (3) approches, (4) interactions. Thus, we will show how the experience of boys and girls is multiple in relation to the diagnosis and it is not possible to be reduced to a gender binary perspective.

Resumen Si bien las investigaciones sobre TDA-H han tendido a dejar los aspectos diferenciales de género en un lugar secundario, recientes contribuciones emanadas principalmente desde la epidemiología han revelado que esta categoría diagnóstica parece estar fuertemente relacionada con el reparto de los géneros. Sin embargo, dichas contribuciones parecen limitar sus alcances al estudio de la sintomatología y funcionamiento cognitivo, afectivo y social de los(as) niños(as), dejando de lado aspectos subjetivos asociados a las prácticas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de TDA-H. De este modo, el objetivo de este artículo es explorar cómo la dimensión de género configura la experiencia subjetiva de niños(as) diagnosticados(as) con TDA-H. A partir de la realización de entrevistas abiertas realizadas a niños entre 7 y 13 años, damos cuenta de tendencias generales que articulan género y características asociadas al diagnóstico de TDA-H, a la vez que, con experiencias infantiles que dislocan tales tendencias. Los resultados se agruparon en función de cuatro dimensiones emergentes del material producido en las entrevistas: (1) localizaciones; (2) habilidades; (3) abordajes; (4) interacciones. Así, mostraremos cómo la experiencia de niños y niñas es múltiple en relación al diagnóstico y no es posible reducirla a una perspectiva binaria en torno al género.

El significado de vivir con esquizofrenia / The meaning of living with schizophrenia

La esquizofrenia como trastorno psiquiátrico es una enfermedad crónica que causa un impacto importante en la vida de las personas. Esta condición genera no sólo cambios en las capacidades organizativas y funcionales, sino que además emergen aspectos poco valorados en el plano subjetivo de las personas. Esta investigación tiene como propósito comprender el significado de vivir con esquizofrenia a partir de la experiencia de usuarios en control en un Centro de Salud Mental. Mediante la Metodología Cualitativa, se logra responder interrogantes sobre cuál es el significado de los usuarios en el desarrollo vivencial de la enfermedad. Se aplicó una entrevista en profundidad a seis usuarios en etapa de estabilización de la enfermedad, incluyendo los ejes de la Teoría de las Transiciones de la Dra. Afaf Meléis. De esta manera, se logra acceder al mundo de sus significados individuales; a través de los relatos emergen sentimientos de miedo, tristeza, soledad y rechazo, fuertemente relacionados con la falta de apoyo social y discriminación. Asimismo, el ser consciente de ser portador de una enfermedad mental es un elemento facilitador hacia el logro de un mejor nivel de satisfacción y conciencia personal, proceso fundamental para el mejoramiento de los procesos psicoterapéuticos.

Schizophrenia as a psychiatric disorder is a chronic disease that causes a major impact on people's lives. This condition generates not only changes in the organizational and functional capacities, but also emerge aspects that are not valued at the subjective level of the people. This research aims to understand the meaning of living with schizophrenia from the experience of users in control in a Mental Health Center. Through the Qualitative Methodology, it is possible to answer questions about the meaning of users in the experiential development of the disease. An in-depth interview was conducted with six users in the stage of disease stabilization, including the axes of Dr. Afaf Meléis's Theory of Transitions. In this way, one reaches the world of their individual meanings; through the stories emerge feelings of fear, sadness, loneliness and rejection, strongly related to the lack of social support and discrimination. Likewise, being aware of being a carrier of a mental illness is an element that facilitates the attainment of a better level of satisfaction and personal conscience, a fundamental process for the improvement of the psychotherapeutic processes.

The Psychopathology of Delusion of Control According to Subjective Experience / La psicopatología del delirio de control según la experiencia subjetiva

ABSTRACT Background: Delusion of control, including thought insertion, occurs in 20% of patients with schizophrenia. However little is known of its psychopathology, and studies involving patients are scarce. Aims: To explore the subjective experience of patients with delusion of control and to propose a psychopathological explanation based on empirical evidence. Methods: Qualitative exploratory study of 7 patients (6 with schizophrenia and 1 with schizophreniform disorder). A phenomenologically-oriented semi-structured interview was used. Results: Delusion of control is not an isolated and pure symptom; it is always immersed in the context of a persecutory delusion and other psychiatric symptoms. The patient experiences partial control, i.e. the control is never complete. In all cases, it is possible to trace the history of the narrative formation of delusion of control from its origins in persecutory delusions and other concomitant symptoms. Conclusions: The delusion of control is a narrative resulting from the joint presence of a persecutory delusion and other psychiatric symptoms. For the patient, the delusion of control is the narrative of the elaborate expression of the meaning of the anomalous experience. Delusion of control is a narrative variety of persecutory delusion.

resumen Introducción: El delirio de control, incluida la inserción de pensamientos, se presenta en el 20% de los pacientes con esquizofrenia. Sin embargo, se conoce poco de su psicopatología y los estudios que implican a pacientes son escasos. Objetivo: A partir de una serie de casos clínicos, explorar la experiencia subjetiva de pacientes con delirio de control y proponer una explicación psicopatológica con base en elementos empíricos. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio de tipo cualitativo con 7 pacientes (6 con esquizofrenia y 1 con trastorno esquizofreniforme). Se utilizó una entrevista semi estructurada de orientación fenomenológica. Resultados: El delirio de control no se presenta como síntoma aislado y puro, siempre está inmerso en el contexto de un delirio persecutorio y otros síntomas psiquiátricos. El control vivido por el paciente es parcial, nunca total. En todos los casos fue posible rastrear la historia de la constitución narrativa del delirio de control a partir del delirio persecutorio y los otros síntomas concomitantes. El delirio de control es la narrativa que expresa de manera más elaborada el sentido que la experiencia tiene para el paciente. Conclusiones: El delirio de control es una narrativa derivada de la concomitancia de un delirio persecutorio y otros síntomas psiquiátricos. Es la narrativa que expresa de manera más elaborada el sentido que tiene la experiencia anómala para el paciente. El delirio de control es una variedad narrativa del delirio persecutorio.

Colaizzi 7-step analysis in patients with senile cataract eye surgery applications of subjective analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective Explore Colaizzi′s 7-step analysis in patients with senile cataract surgery subjective feelings and provide a basis for formulating targeted interventions. Methods It was a phenomenological study,and a total of 21 cases were recruited and conducted with semi-structural interviews. Results Five themes were found including fear,discomfort,insecurity,eager to communicate,a strong sense of family support. Conclusions Importance to subjective feelings, after entering the operating room to strengthen communication with the patient, increase opponents cognition, is an important measure to reduce the psychological burden of patients. And evidence-based, and scenario training before the increase,using a variety of forms of education,help to reduce patient anxiety and fear and promote patient safety.

Concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated for depression severity in elderly patients with depressive disorder: 1-year follow-up study / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To compare the concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated in different treatment phrase of elderly patients with depressive disorder,and to explore the relevant factors.Methods:Sixty-nine consecutive elderly patiems with depressive disorder diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria were included.The Visual Scale for Depression(VSD) were used to evaluate subjective experience of depression,while the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA),Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used by clinician to evaluate depression symptom,anxiety symptom and cognition at baseline,2-,4-and 52-week of the treatment respectively.Results:Compared with baseline,VSD scores were increased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(2.7 ± 1.6),(5.3 ± 2.0) vs.(7.0 ± 1.8),P ＜ 0.001],HAMD scores were decreased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(36 ± 11),(17 ±9) vs.(9 ±8),P ＜0.001],HAMA scores were decreased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(27 ± 10),(14 ±8) vs.(7 ±6),P ＜0.001].No significant differences were found between 4 weeks and 52 weeks.There was no correlation between VSD and HAMD scores at baseline and 2 weeks.There were significant correlations among scores of VSD and HAMD(r =-0.31,-0.74,Ps ＜ 0.05),HAMA (r =-0.36,-0.76,Ps ＜ 0.05) at 4 weeks and 52 weeks.Using logistic regression analysis,the concordance between VSD and HAMD related with the factors of HAMD,higher scores of anxiety/somatization factor were associated with lower concordance (OR =0.87),and higher scores of weight factor (OR =1.86),diurnal variation factor (OR =2.00),hopelessness factor (OR =1.13) were associated with higher concordance.Conclusion:Compared with acute depression phase,concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated for depression may be higher at depression remission phase in elderly patients with depression,which suggests that characteristics of depression symptom may have a certain impact on the self-awareness for depression experience.

Exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes: a vivência subjetiva do corpo / Commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents: the subjective experience of the body / La exploración sexual comercial de niñas y adolescentes: la vivencia subjetiva del cuerpo

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as vivências subjetivas relacionadas ao uso do corpo por crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino, vitimadas pela exploração sexual comercial em João Pessoa-PB. Participaram da pesquisa 14 meninas, entre 14 e 18 anos, que faziam ponto na orla marítima e no centro da cidade, submetidas a entrevista semiestruturada e técnica de análise de conteúdo temático. Os resultados mostraram que a construção da subjetividade dessas meninas por meio do corpo é mediada pela necessidade de sobrevivência, uma infância e adolescência não vivida, ou permeada de violência, de direitos negados, com destaque para a relação desigual do gênero, que se submetem aos poderes dos homens. Tal situação faz com que neguem o corpo, sintam nojo de si e do corpo, por estarem fazendo algo que lhes tira a dignidade e o direito de ser sujeito de direitos

This article aims to analyze the subjective experiences related to the use of the body of children and adolescent girls, victimized by commercial sexual exploitation in João Pessoa. Interviews were carried out with 14 girls aged 14 to 18 in situations of commercial sexual exploitation in certain parts of the city. Underwent semi-structured interview addressing the experiences of the body, from the moment they discover their body as an object of use by the time of interview technique and subjected to thematic content analysis. The results showed that the construction of subjectivity of these girls through the body is mediated by several factors, and the need for survival as this factor in all categories, marked by experiences of childhood and adolescence not realized, or permeated with violence, rights denied, to having their first sexual intercourse at the age of 9. Highlighting the unequal relationship of gender, undergoing the powers of men, this power normalized and naturalized by the company kept, who sets out who may or may not belong. This situation causes deny the body , feeling of disgust with themselves and their body, for doing something that takes away their dignity and robs them of the right to be the subject of law.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las experiencias subjetivas relacionadas con el uso del cuerpo de las niñas y adolescentes de sexo femenino, víctimas de la explotación sexual comercial en João Pessoa. Participaron 14 niñas con edades entre 14 y 18 años, que se prostituían en el paseo marítimo y en el centro de la ciudad, sometidas a entrevista semiestructurada y a la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados mostraron que la construcción de la subjetividad de estas chicas a través del cuerpo está mediada por la necesidad de supervivencia, una infancia y adolescencia no vivida, o impregnada de violencia, de derechos negados, destacando la relación desigual de género, que les hace someterse al poder de los hombres. Esta situación hace que nieguen el cuerpo, sientan asco de sí mismas y del cuerpo, por estar haciendo algo que les quita su dignidad y el derecho de ser sujeto de derechos

Anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva en psicosis: Concepto y validación empírica del modelo de los Síntomas Básicos / Anomalies of subjective experience in psychosis: Concept and empirical validation of the Basic Symptoms model

Introducción Tradicionalmente, en la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los trastornos del espectro psicótico ha imperado un modelo de comprensión objetivista, centrado principalmente en los síntomas positivos y negativos. Aunque es innegable el valor de esta aproximación, implica considerables limitaciones ampliamente conocidas. De forma complementaria, existe una larga y prometedora tradición fenomenológica en la cual la experiencia subjetiva del síntoma del paciente adquiere una importancia fundamental. La aproximación de las anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva o, específicamente, de los Síntomas Básicos ha adquirido mucha fuerza dentro del contexto de detección precoz de psicosis y esquizofrenia. Objetivo Esta revisión expone la aproximación fenomenológica de las anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva y se define detalladamente el modelo de los Síntomas Básicos, así como su proceso de validación empírica en el campo de detección precoz de psicosis. Método Las bases de datos consultadas han sido PubMed Central® y PsycINFO®, así como libros de autores de referencia. Resultados En las dos últimas décadas ha habido un creciente interés científico sobre esta orientación con resultados muy prometedores. Discusión y conclusión El modelo más destacado a nivel empírico es el de los Síntomas Básicos, aunque recientemente también han ganado gran relevancia las alteraciones del flujo de la consciencia o del self. Se ha comprobado que las anomalías de la experiencia subjetiva consiguen delimitar un perfil de riesgo de psicosis más temprano que los síntomas psicóticos atenuados. Por tanto, son un complemento altamente válido en las estrategias de detección e intervención temprana de psicosis.

Introduction Research, diagnosis and treatment of psychotic spectrum disorders have been traditionally dominated by an objectivist approach to their understanding, being primarily focused on positive and negative symptoms. The value of this approach goes without question, but it also involves considerable and widely known limitations. From a complementary perspective, there is a longstanding and promising phenomenological tradition in which the subjective experience of the patient's symptom becomes crucial. The focus on the anomalies of subjective experience, or the Basic Symptom concept specifically, has gained much momentum in the context of early detection of psychosis and schizophrenia. Objective This review presents the phenomenological approach to the anomalies of subjective experience and the Basic Symptoms model and its empirical validation process in the field of early detection of psychosis. Method The scientific literature was collected from PubMed Central® and PsyclNFO® databases and books from authors of reference. Results In the last two decades there has been a growing scientific interest in this approach with very promising results. Discussion and conclusion The most prominent model from an empirical standpoint is the Basic Symptoms approach, although recently the disturbances of the flow of consciousness or self disorders have achieved great relevance as well. It has been found that the anomalies of subjective experience could delimitate a risk profile that precedes that defined by attenuated psychotic symptoms. Therefore, this approach is a highly valuable complement in the early detection and intervention of psychosis strategies.

An Audience's Subjective Experience of the Freedom of Artistic Expression in Different Dance Forms from the Perspective of the Cultural Psychology of Creativity: un enfoque de la psicología cultural de la creatividad / La experiencia subjetiva del observador sobre la libertad de expresión artística en las formas diferentes de la danza

Previous studies on different dance forms, including classical ballet, modern ballet and flamenco, show that the objective classification of these forms of dance is subjectively relevant, or in other words, the subjective categorization of dance is based on its formal properties. Based on this standpoint, this study aims to examine the audience's subjective experience of the freedom of artistic expression in three dance forms: classical ballet, modern ballet and flamenco. This study also aims to place an audience's subjective experience of the freedom of artistic expression in different dance forms, into the context of the cultural psychology of creativity. Sixty-nine participants assessed three choreographies from each dance form. The participants observed the choreographies audio-visually. The assessment of the freedom of artistic expression included seven-point scales of freedom to use space, use different figures and to express different emotions. The results showed that the dance form effects the assessment of an audience's subjective experiences (using these 3 criteria) in relation to the freedom of artistic expression. Likewise, Choreography has a marked effect on the assessment of subjective experience within the aforementioned criteria for the freedom of artistic expression within each observed dance form. In conclusion, a dance form determines, by its formal characteristics, not only how certain choreography will be created, but also how an audience will experience the choreography. The various implications of the research results on creativity in the field of dance, and the importance of understanding the complex dialogical connections between particular dance forms, choreographers, choreographies and audience in the context of the cultural psychology of creativity were discussed.

Este artículo tiene por objeto examinar la experiencia subjetiva del observador de la libertad de expresión artística en tres formas de danza: ballet clásico, ballet moderno y baile flamenco; adicionalmente, pretende situar la investigación en el contexto de la psicología cultural de la creatividad. Los 69 participantes evaluaron tres coreografías para cada forma de danza, observándolas a través de audiovisuales. La estimación de la libertad de expresión artística incluye tres escalas de siete puntos: libertad de usar el espacio, libertad de utilizar diferentes figuras y libertad para expresar sus emociones. Los resultados muestran que la forma de danza tiene un efecto significativo sobre la estimación de la experiencia subjetiva de estos tres criterios y que la coreografía tiene un marcado efecto sobre la estimación de la experiencia subjetiva sobre la libertad de expresión artística dentro de cada forma de la danza observada. Los resultados sugieren que una forma de danza determina, por sus características formales, no solo la coreografía, o cómo se creará, sino también cómo un observador experimentará la coreografía creada. Se discuten las diversas implicaciones de los resultados en la creatividad en el área de la danza, y la importancia de entender las conexiones complejas y dialógicas entre forma particular de danza, coreógrafo, coreografía y observadores, en el contexto de la psicología cultural de la creatividad.

O ócio como experiência subjetiva: contribuições da psicologia do ócio / The leisure as a subjective experience and the question abouth the science

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão e síntese de conceitos oriundos da Psicologia do Lazer norte-americana e da Teoria do Ócio, desenvolvida na Espanha. Aborda o ócio como fenômeno psicossocial cujas características diferenciais podem ser percebidas pelo próprio sujeito. Distinguem-se os conceitos de estado de Ócio e experiência de Ócio, diferenciando-os em função da intensidade e profundidade da experiência e dos atributos nela implicados. Destacamos ainda, nas observações sobre os temas, as experiências de pico e de flow, encontrados em recentes estudos norte-americanos, empreendidos por investigadores que se dedicaram ao fenômeno, salientando as semelhanças entre estes fenômenos e as experiências subjetivas de ócio. Por fim, apresentam-se os principais atributos ou qualidades constituintes das experiências de ócio, quais sejam, a percepção de liberdade, significado intrínseco, desfrute, ruptura, introspecção, encontro interpessoal, desenvolvimento humano, relaxamento, desafio, auto-expressão e autorrealização. Para concluir, salienta-se a opção de circunscrever o ócio numa perspectiva humanista e positiva, privilegiando, nesta busca, a experiência subjetiva, por observarmos, a partir do percurso realizado no trajeto investigativo, que as experiências de ócio podem ser facilitadoras da promoção da saúde , qualidade de vida e do desenvolvimento pessoal e tais processos se iniciam no sujeito agente/ator de sua experiência.

This article presents a revision and synthesis of deriving concepts of the Psychology of Leisure of the North American and the Theory of the Idleness (recreation) developed in Spain. It approaches the idleness as psychosocial phenomenon whose distinguishing characteristics can be perceived by the proper citizen. The concepts from state of idleness or leisure and experience of idleness or leisure are distinguished, differentiating them in function of the intensity and depth of the experience and the attributes in it implied. To follow, the experiences are distinguished peak and of flow, pointing out the similarities between such phenomena and the subjective experiences of leisure. Finally, the main attributes or constituent qualities of the experiences of leisure in a perspective humanist are presented, called here also of constructive leisure perception of freedom, meaning intrinsic, enjoys, rupture, introspection, interpersonal meeting, human development, relaxation, challenge, auto-expression and auto-accomplishment.

Experience of Subjective Symptoms in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar patients often experience subjective symptoms even if they do not have active psychotic symptoms in their euthymic state. Most studies about subjective symptoms are conducted in schizophrenia, and there are few studies involving bipolar patients. We examined the nature of the subjective symptoms of bipolar patients in their euthymic state, and we also compared it to that of schizophrenia and normal control. Thirty bipolar patients, 25 patients with schizophrenia, and 21 normal control subjects were included. Subjective symptoms were assessed using the Korean version of the Frankfurter Beschwerde Fragebogen (K-FBF) and the Symptom Check List 90-R (SCL90-R). Euthymic state was confirmed by assessing objective psychopathology with the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale of Schizophrenia (PANSS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). K-FBF score was significantly higher in bipolar patients than in normal controls, but similar to that in schizophrenia patients (F=5.86, p=0.004, R(2)=2033.6). In contrast, SCL90-R scores did not differ significantly among the three groups. Euthymic bipolar patients experience subjective symptoms that are more confined to cognitive domain. This finding supports the hypothesis that subtle cognitive impairments persists in euthymic bipolar patients.